Fluorosis dental en la primera infancia: estado del arte

La fluorosis dental se caracteriza por una hipomineralización de la estructura dental causada por ingesta excesiva de flúor sistémico. En la dentición decidua, su diagnóstico precoz es importante, dado que será un predictor para la aparición de lesiones en la dentición permanente. El objetivo de esta revisión fue describir la evidencia científica sobre la fluorosis dental en dentición decidua reportando su etiología y factores relacionados, prevalencia, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se realizaron búsquedas electrónicas en las bases de datos Pub-Med/Medline, EbscoHost y ScienceDirect (noviembre/2020), utilizando las palabras clave "dental fluorosis", "deciduous teeth", "primary tooth", "primary teeth". El desarrollo de fluorosis dental en dentición decidua se relacionó con la ingesta de múltiples fuentes de flúor principalmente, agua potable, alimentos de la dieta, fórmulas infantiles, suplementos y uso de dentífricos fluorados en dosis inadecuadas. Algunos factores prenatales, como vivir en terrenos montañosos o de gran altitud y habitar en lugares cercanos a minas de combustión de carbón, también fueron asociados. La prevalencia de fluorosis dental reportada en los estudios varió entre 6,2 y 96,6 %, dependiendo principalmente de la concentración de flúor en agua potable. Para el diagnóstico de la fluorosis dental en la dentición decidua se deben considerar características como la localización, aspecto, extensión y color de la lesión, realizando diagnóstico diferencial con otro tipo de defectos en esmalte y dentina. Así mismo, el tratamiento de las lesiones dependerá de la severidad del defecto y condiciones individuales del paciente.

Dental fluorosis is characterized by a hypomineralization of the tooth structure caused by excessive intake of systemic fluoride. In the deciduous dentition, its early diagnosis is important since it will be a predictor for the appearance of lesions in the permanent dentition. The objective of this review was to describe the scientific evidence on dental fluorosis in deciduous dentition, reporting its etiology and related factors, prevalence, diagnosis and treatment. Electronic searches were conducted PubMed / Medline, EbscoHost and ScienceDirect (November / 2020) databases, using the keywords "dental fluorosis", "deciduous teeth", "primary tooth", "primary teeth". The development of Dental fluorosis in deciduous dentition was related to the intake of multiple sources of fluoride mainly; drinking water, diet foods, infant formulas, supplements and the use of luoridated toothpastes in inadequate doses. Some prenatal factors such as living in mountainous or high altitude terrain and living in places near coal-burning mines were also associated. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in early childhood reported in the studies varied between 6.2% and 96.6%, depending mainly on the concentration of fluoride in drinking water. For the diagnosis of dental fluorosis in the deciduous dentition, characteristics such as the location, appearance, extension and color of the lesion must be considered, making a differential diagnosis with other types of enamel and dentin defects. Evenly, the treatment of lesions will depend on the severity defects and individual patient conditions.

Difference in Network Mechanism of Shoutaiwan and Juyuanjian in Reversing Pathology of Decidua of Spontaneous Abortion Patients： Based on "Uterine Collaterals Connecting Kidney" and "Fetal Collaterals Connecting Spleen" Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore difference in the mechanism of Shoutaiwan， a representative kidney-tonifying and abortion-preventing formula， and Juyuanjian， a typical spleen-invigorating and abortion-preventing formula in reversing the pathology of decidua of spontaneous abortion （SA） patients and to expound the connotation of "uterine collaterals connecting kidney" and "fetal collaterals connecting spleen" theory. MethodThe targets of SA were retrieved from GeneCards， followed by gene ontology-biological process （GO-BP） annotation. Based on Cytoscape and previous research， the main processes and core targets were screened out. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （HPLC-MS） was used to identify the potential active components of Shoutaiwan and Juyuanjian and the regulatory networks were constructed. SA was induced in rats and the model rats were treated with Shoutaiwan and Juyuanjian at the same unit. Hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining， transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， immunohistochemistry （IHC）， immunofluorescence （IF）， and other methods were employed to verify the mechanisms against miscarriage. ResultThe dysregulation of cell adhesion， inflammatory response， cell death， and angiogenesis was the core pathological process of SA. A total of 13 potential specific active components of Shoutaiwan and 14 active components of Juyuanjian were screened out. The regulatory networks showed that the potential active components of the two prescriptions modulated vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， interleukin （IL）-2， estrogen receptor （ESR）-1， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and other targets to regulate the pathological process of SA. The two can significantly improve the pregnancy rate and the integrity rate and blood supply of decidua cells， control the apoptosis morphology and the expression of estrogen （E2）， progesterone （P）， and its receptor， and down-regulate the expression of MMP-2， MMP-9， IL-2， and IL-6 in decidua tissue of SA rats. At the same time， they up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and IL-4. Shoutaiwan significantly up-regulated the expression of VEGF， and Juyuanjian significantly down-regulated the expression of E-cadherin （E-Cad）. ConclusionBoth Shoutaiwan and Juyuanjian regulate the core pathological process of SA to prevent miscarriage. At the same unit， Shoutaiwan is overall superior to Juyuanjian. Shoutaiwan is better than Juyuanjian in regulating angiogenesis and Juyuanjian is superior to Shoutaiwan in regulating cell adhesion. This conclusion can partly explain the biological basis of "treating the same disease with different methods"， and provide objective data reference for the identification of quality marker （Q-marker） of anti-miscarriage Chinese medicine and further study of formula-syndrome metabolome.

Traumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition and sequelae in the permanent dentition: a 7-year retrospective study / Lesões dentárias traumáticas na dentição decídua e sequelas na dentição permanente: um estudo retrospectivo de 7 anos

Objective: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) affect the aesthetics and function of primary teeth and can cause sequelae in their permanent successors. This study assessed the distribution of TDIs and sequelae in the primary dentition and the respective permanent dentition in children treated at the Dental Trauma Centre in Brazil. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting data from 256 dental records over 7 years. Descriptive statistical analyses and the Fisher exact test were used (p=0.05). Results: Sixty-two patients presented with trauma in the deciduous teeth. TDIs were observed mostly in boys (64.50%) and in the 2 to 4-year age group (44.10%); most injuries occurred from fall from the child's own height (40.30%) and at home (71.20%). The most common type of trauma was subluxation (22.90%). The most prevalent clinical and radiographic sequelae were mobility (45.60%) and periapical lesion (31.80%), respectively. Regarding the permanent dentition, the most frequent sequela was hypomineralization (33.30%). Conclusion:According to this study, TDIs in deciduous teeth made up 29.24% of all the cases in the Dental Trauma Program. The major type of trauma in children was subluxation, with sequelae in both dentitions. Follow-up after trauma is important to the maintenance of primary dentition and to prevent and treat possible sequelae in the permanent dentition.(AU)

Objetivo: Lesões dentárias traumáticas (TDIs) afetam a estética e a função dos dentes decíduos e podem causar sequelas em sucessores permanentes. Este estudo avaliou a distribuição das TDIs e sequelas na dentição decídua e sua respectiva dentição permanente em crianças atendidas no Centro de Trauma Odontológico no Brasil. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado por meio da coleta de dados de 256 prontuários odontológicos ao longo de 7 anos. Foram utilizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e teste exato de Fisher (p <0,05). Resultados:Sessenta e dois pacientes apresentaram trauma na dentição decídua. As TDIs foram observadas principalmente em meninos (64,50%) e na faixa etária de 2 a 4 anos (44,10%); a maioria das lesões ocorreu por queda da própria altura (40,30%) e em casa (71,20%). O tipo de trauma mais comum foi a subluxação (22,90%). As sequelas clínicas e radiográficas mais prevalentes foram mobilidade (45,60%) e lesão periapical (31,80%), respectivamente. Em relação à dentição permanente, a sequela mais frequente foi a hipomineralização (33,30%). Conclusão: De acordo com este estudo, as TDIs em dentes decíduos foram de 29,24% de todos os casos do Programa de Trauma Dental. O principal tipo de trauma em crianças foi a subluxação, com sequelas em ambas as dentições. O acompanhamento após o trauma é importante para a manutenção da dentição decídua e para prevenir e tratar possíveis sequelas na dentição permanente. (AU)

Very early orthodontic treatment: when, why and how?

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several orthodontic problems should already be treated at an early age to prevent the necessity of future complex and expensive procedures. Scientific evidence suggests that posterior crossbites, mild to moderate Class III, as well as certain Class II malocclusions, open bites and arch length discrepancies can benefit from simple, but efficient interceptive therapy. Objective: To summarize the existing evidence-based literature on early orthodontic treatment, and to illustrate its application and effectiveness by showcasing multiple clinical examples. Conclusion: Early short-term interceptive orthodontic treatment with simple appliances, in the deciduous or early mixed dentition phase, can efficiently correct certain malocclusions and help to either reduce the complexity or even avoid the necessity of complex and expensive procedures during puberty. For certain patients with significant arch length discrepancy the concept of serial extractions should be part of the orthodontic armamentarium.

RESUMO Introdução: Vários problemas ortodônticos devem ser tratados já em idade precoce, para evitar a necessidade de procedimentos futuros de maior complexidade e custo. A evidência científica sugere que as seguintes más oclusões podem se beneficiar de terapias interceptivas simples mas eficientes: mordidas cruzadas posteriores, Classe III leve a moderada, certas más oclusões de Classe II, mordidas abertas e discrepâncias no tamanho das arcadas. Objetivo: Resumir a evidência científica existente sobre o tratamento ortodôntico precoce e ilustrar sua aplicação e efetividade, por meio da exposição de múltiplos casos clínicos. Conclusão: O tratamento ortodôntico interceptivo precoce de curto prazo com aparelhos simples na fase da dentição decídua ou início da dentição mista pode corrigir eficientemente certas más oclusões e ajudar a reduzir a complexidade ou, até mesmo, evitar a necessidade de procedimentos complexos e onerosos durante a puberdade. Para certos pacientes com discrepância significativa no comprimento das arcadas, o conceito de extrações seriadas deve fazer parte do arsenal de recursos ortodônticos.

Prevalência e fatores associados a defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte em crianças de 5 anos de idade matriculadas em creches na cidade de Teresina, Brasil / Prevalence and factors associated with developmental defects of enamel in five-year-old children enrolled in preschools in the city of Teresina, Brazil

Resumo Introdução Crianças com defeitos de desenvolvimento de esmalte (DDE) são mais suscetíveis à hipersensibilidade dentinária, maloclusões e dificuldades relativas à adesão de materiais restauradores. O conhecimento sobre a prevalência de DDE e seus fatores associados permite aos profissionais obter maior compreensão desse problema de saúde bucal, minimizando, dessa forma, as sequelas e melhorando a saúde bucal e a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos afetados. Objetivo Determinar a prevalência de DDE e seus fatores associados na dentição decídua. Método Trata-se de estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 566 pré-escolares de 5 anos de idade, matriculados em creches públicas e privadas de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Foi aplicado questionário socioeconômico e de história médica da criança aos responsáveis. Os exames clínicos foram conduzidos por um único examinador (kappa = 0,93 para DDE e 0,86 para cárie) que utilizou os índices DDE modificado e ceo-d. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados, além dos testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher e a regressão de Poisson, considerando como significativo p ≤ 0,05. Resultados A prevalência de DDE foi de 33,7%. A média de dentes com DDE por criança foi de 3,12 ± 2,23. O tipo mais prevalente de DDE foi opacidade demarcada (9,5%). Os segundos molares superiores foram os dentes mais afetados (11,9%). Houve associação entre DDE e estudar em creche pública (p = 0,026) e cárie (p = 0,012). Crianças com experiência de cárie apresentaram maior prevalência de DDE (RP: 1,29; IC95%: 1,01-1,64). Conclusão A prevalência de DDE na dentição decídua foi de 33,7% e se mostrou associada à experiência de cárie.

Abstract Background Children with Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) are more susceptible to dentin hypersensitivity, malocclusions, and difficulties related to the adhesion of restorative materials. Knowledge about the prevalence and factors associated with DDE allows professionals to gain a greater understanding of this oral health problem, minimizing sequelae, improving oral health and quality of life of affected individuals. Objective To determine the prevalence and factors associated with DDE in primary dentition. Method This is a cross-sectional study assessing a random sample of 566 preschool five-year-old children, enrolled in public and private preschools in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. It was applied the socioeconomic and medical history of the child questionnaire for the parents or guardians. Clinical examinations were conducted by a single examiner (kappa = 0.93 for DDE and 0.86 for caries) that used the modified DDE index and dmft. Descriptive analysis, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, and Poisson regression were performed, considering significant p ≤ 0.05. Results the prevalence of DDE was 33.7%. The mean DDE teeth per child was 3.12 ± 2.23. The most prevalent type of DDE was demarcated opacity (9.5%). The second molars were the most affected teeth (11.9%). There was an association between DDE and study at public preschool (p = 0.026) and dental caries (p = 0.012). Children with experience of caries were more likely to DDE (PR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.64). Conclusion prevalence of DDE in the primary dentition was 33.7% and was associated with caries experience.

Prevalência de maloclusão em dentição decídua nos alunos do ensino pré-escolar do concelho de porto de mós (portugal) / Prevalence of malocclusion in deciduous dentition in preschool students in the municipality of Porto de Mós (Portugal) / Prevalencia de maloclusión en dentición temporal en preescolares del municipio de Porto de Mós (Portugal)

Introdução:A maloclusão é considerada a segunda doença oral mais comum em crianças e jovens adultos. É importante saber identificar estas alterações de forma a permitir um adequado desenvolvimento da oclusão.O diagnóstico de um desenvolvimento anormal na dentição decídua é relevante para a prevenção e quando necessáriouma intervenção precoce. Objetivo:O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi avaliar a prevalênciade maloclusão em crianças com dentição decídua e relacionar com diferentes parâmetros.Metodologia:Observaram-se 300 crianças de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 6 anos. A recolha de dados foi realizada a partir do exame clínico comkits de observação(espelho bucal básico descartável,sonda descartável, babador,luvas e sacos descartáveis), sob luz natural e na cadeira escolar, no Agrupamento de Escolas de Porto de Mós, Distrito Sanitário de Leiria. Analisaram-se as seguintes características: Tipo de arco de Baume, espaços primatas, diastemas, apinhamento, relação distal dos segundos molares decíduos, relação canina, sobremordida e sobressaliência, mordida anterior e posterior.Resultados:A prevalência de maloclusão registradafoi de 67,7%, verificando-se ser mais baixa aos seis anos, sem apresentar diferenças significativas em ambos os sexos. A sobressaliência foi a maloclusão mais prevalente (42,7%) nas crianças observadas, seguida da mordida aberta anterior (23,3%). Registrou-seumaelevada prevalência de maloclusão nas crianças com arco de Baume tipo II, sem diastemas ou espaços primatas, com apinhamento, degrau distal, classe II canina ou desvio da linha média para a direita.Conclusões:Verificou-se existir uma elevada prevalência de maloclusão nas crianças do agrupamento de escolas do Concelhode Porto de Mós, estando relacionada com diferentes parâmetros oclusais (AU).

Introduction:Malocclusion is considered a second mostcommon oral disease in children and young adults. It is important to know how to identify these changes in order to allow proper development of the occlusion.The diagnosis of anabnormal development in primary dentition is relevant for prevention and when necessary, early intervention.Objective:The aim of this cross sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion in children with deciduous dentition and relate this prevalence with sex, age and with different occlusal parameters.Methodology:300 children of both sexes, aged between 3 and 6 years were observed. Data collection was carried out from the clinical examination using observation kits, in schools, in the Group of schools of Porto de Mós, Health District of Leiria. The following characteristics were analyzed: Baume arc Type, spaces, diastemas, crowding, the deciduous second molars distal relation, canine relationship, Overbite and overjet, anterior and posterior bite.Results:The recorded prevalence of malocclusion was 67.7%, was lower at six years old, without any differences in both sexes. The overjet was the most prevalent malocclusion (42.7%) in the observed children. There was a high prevalence of malocclusion in children with type II Baume arch, without spaces or primate spaces, with distal step, canine class II or with the middle line shifted to the right.Conclusions:There there was a high prevalence of malocclusion in children of the schools in the municipality of Porto de Mós, and is related to the different occlusal parameters (AU).

Introducción: La maloclusión se considera la segunda enfermedad bucal más común en niños y adultos jóvenes. Es importanteidentificar estos cambios para llograr un adecuado desarrollo de la oclusión. El diagnóstico precoz deldesarrollo anormal en la dentición temporal es relevante para la prevención y cuando sea necesario una intervención temprana. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio transversal fue evaluar la prevalencia de maloclusión en niñoscon dentición temporal y relacionarla con diferentes parámetros. Metodología: Fueran observados 300 niños de ambos sexos, con edadesentre los 3 y los 6 años. La recogida de datos del examen clínico se realizó mediante kits de observación, en un entorno escolar, en el Grupo Escolar dePorto de Mós, Distrito Sanitariode Leiria. Se analizaron las siguientes características: tipo de arco de Baume, espaciosprimates, diastemas, apiñamientos, relación distal de los segundos molares deciduos, relación canina, sobremordida horizontal y vertical, mordida anterior y posterior. Resultados: La prevalencia de maloclusión registrada fue de 67,7%, la cual resultó ser menor a los seis años, sin mostrar diferencias significativas en ambos sexos. El overjet fue la maloclusión más prevalente (42,7%) en los niños observados, seguida de la mordida abierta anterior (23,3%). Hubo una alta prevalencia de maloclusión en niños con arco de Baume tipo II, sin diastemas ni espacios de primates, con apiñamiento, paso distal, canino clase II o desviación de la línea media hacia la derecha.Conclusiones: Se encontró que hayuna alta prevalencia de maloclusión en niños dela comunidad escolar del municipio de Porto de Mós, y que se relaciona,con diferentes parámetros oclusales (AU).

Expression of lymphocyte-activation gene 3, programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand 1 in decidual lymphocytes of women with preeclampsia / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1), and lymphocyte-activation gene 3(LAG-3) in different subsets of lymphocytes and their relationship with the immunologic imbalance in preeclampsia.Methods:We enrolled 25 cases of singleton pregnant women with preeclampsia who were delivered by cesarean section in the Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from May 2019 to January 2020 as the preeclampsia group. According to the allocation ratio of 1∶1 matched for the date of cesarean section and pregnancy week at delivery, another 25 healthy singleton pregnant women underwent elective cesarean section were selected as the normal group. The decidua tissue was obtained during cesarean section. The expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and LAG-3 on decidual T cells, natural killer (NK), and natural killer T (NKT) cells were measured by flow cytometry and compared between the two groups using two independent samples- t test. Results:(1) The expression of PD-1 on decidual T cells and NK cells of the preeclampsia group were lower than those of the normal group (37.84±3.82 vs 57.02±3.89, t=3.529, P<0.001; 3.28±0.48 vs 5.69±0.99, t=2.184, P=0.034), but did not differ significantly in the expression on decidual NKT cells ( P=0.461). PD-L1 expression on decidual NK cells of preeclampsia group was lower than that of the normal group (0.60±0.11 vs 1.32±0.19, t=3.319, P=0.002), but showed no significant difference in the expression level on T cells and NKT cells (both P>0.05). The preeclampsia group was noted for a lower expression of LAG-3 on decidual T cells and NKT cells compared with the normal group (2.32±0.36 vs 4.09±0.67, t=2.335, P=0.024; 35.40±4.97 vs 56.27±4.49, t=3.282, P=0.002), while showed no significant difference in the expression level of NK cells ( P=0.112). Conclusions:The decreased expression of PD-1, PD-L1, and LAG-3 in the decidual lymphocyte subsets may be involved in the immunologic imbalance of preeclampsia through the over-activation of immunocytes at the maternal-fetal interface.

Acretismo placentario en el primer trimestre del embarazo como causa de choque hipovolémico: reporte de un caso / Placentary acretism in the first quarter of pregnancy as a cause of hypovolemic shock: a case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El acretismo es la adherencia anormal de la placenta al miometrio debida a la ausencia parcial o total de la decidua basal y desarrollo incompleto de la capa de Nitabuch. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 45 años, con antecedente de tres embarazos, dos abortos, una cesárea y amenorrea de 12 semanas. El padecimiento actual se inició dos días antes, con sangrado transvaginal intermitente. A su ingreso a Urgencias se encontró con datos de bajo gasto e inmediatamente pérdida del estado de alerta; tensión arterial 40-20 mmHg, frecuencia cardiaca de 125 lpm. La parte posterior del cuello uterino se encontró dehiscente, con sangrado transvaginal abundante, prueba inmunológica de embarazo positiva, fracción β-GCH de 2878 mU/mL. Al asociar los datos de la exploración física se integró el diagnóstico de aborto incompleto y se ingresó a la unidad tocoquirúrgica, para legrado uterino instrumentado. CONCLUSIONES: De acuerdo con las búsquedas bibliográficas, todo indica que éste es el primer reporte mexicano de un caso de acretismo placentario en el primer trimestre del embarazo. Se sugiere la búsqueda de factores de riesgo que permitan la sospecha y faciliten establecer el diagnóstico de acretismo placentario a partir de las primeras semanas de embarazo para evitar desenlaces obstétricos fatales.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Accretism is the abnormal adherence of the placenta to the myometrium due to partial or total absence of the basal decidua and incomplete development of the Nitabuch's layer. CLINICAL CASE: 45-year-old patient, with a history of three pregnancies, two abortions and one cesarean section; amenorrhea of 12 weeks. The current condition started two days earlier, with intermittent transvaginal bleeding. On admission to the ED she was found to have low output and immediate loss of alertness; blood pressure 40-20 mmHg, heart rate 125 bpm. The posterior cervix was found to be dehiscent, with abundant transvaginal bleeding, positive immunological pregnancy test, HCG fraction 2878 mU/mL. By associating the physical examination data, the diagnosis of incomplete abortion was integrated, and she was admitted to the tocosurgical unit, for instrumented uterine curettage. CONCLUSIONS: According to the bibliographic searches, everything indicates that this is the first Mexican report of a case of placental accretism in the first trimester of pregnancy. It is suggested to search for risk factors that allow suspicion and facilitate the diagnosis of placental accretism from the first weeks of pregnancy to avoid fatal obstetric outcomes.

Rehabilitación de incisivos deciduos con pernos en fibra de vidrio y resina compuesta: reporte de caso / Rehabilitation of deciduous incisors using glass fiber core post and composite resin: case report / Reabilitação de incisivos decíduos com pinos em fibra de vidro e resina composta: relato de caso

Resumen La caries de la infancia temprana hace referencia a la presencia de una o más superficies cariadas, perdidas o restauradas en dientes deciduos en niños menores de 6 años de edad, siendo clasificada como severa cuando afecta a niños menores de 3 años. En dientes deciduos con gran destrucción coronal por caries dental, pero con integridad radicular, la rehabilitación puede ser compleja debido a la calidad y cantidad de estructura remanente. El objetivo de este caso, fue reportar la rehabilitación de cuatro incisivos deciduos severamente afectados por caries dental de la infancia temprana utilizando pernos en fibra de vidrio y restauraciones directas en resina compuesta. Paciente masculino de tres años de edad que presenta lesiones de caries dental activas y cavitadas y necrosis pul- par en los cuatro incisivos deciduos superiores. En la fase higiénica se realizaron actividades de educación, motivación en higiene y adecuación del medio bucal; en la fase restauradora se realizaron los tratamientos endodónticos, cementación de pernos en fibra de vidrio y restauraciones en resina compuesta con matrices anatómicas de celuloide y en la fase de mantenimiento se realizaron controles clínicos, radiográficos y actividades específicas de prevención. La rehabilitación con pernos de fibra de vidrio y resina compuesta logró reestablecer la forma, función y estética de los dientes del paciente.

Abstract The early childhood caries refers to the presence of one or more decayed, lost or restored surfaces in deciduous teeth in children under 6 years, being classified as severe when it affects children under 3 years of age. In deciduous teeth with several coronal destruction due to dental caries but with root integrity, rehabilitation can be complex due to the quality and/or quantity of the remaining structure. The aim of this case was to report the rehabilitation of four deciduous incisors severely affected by early childhood caries using fiberglass posts and direct restorations with composite resin. A three-year-old male patient with active and cavitated dental caries lesions and pulpal necrosis in the four upper deciduous incisors. In the hygienic phase, activities in education and motivation in oral hygiene were carried out; in the corrective phase, endodontic treatments were performed, cementation of glass fiber posts and were made restorations with composite resin using anatomical celluloid matrices; in the maintenance phase, the patient received support and reinforcement of the recommendations in the diet and the oral hygiene. The rehabilitation using fiber posts and composite resin reestablished the shape, function and esthetics of the teeth of the patient.

Resumo A cárie da primeira infância referee a presença de uma ou mais superfícies cariadas, perdidas ou restauradas em dentes decíduos de crianças menores de 6 anos de idade, sendo classificada como severa quando afeta menores de 3 anos. Em dentes decíduos com extensa destruição coronária pela cárie dentária mas que apresentam integridade radicular, a reabilitação pode ser considerada complexa devido a qualidade e quantidade da estrutura remanescente. O objetivo deste caso foi reportar a reabilitação de quatro incisivos decíduos superiores severamente afetados pela cárie da primeira infância, utilizando pinos de fibra de viro e restaurações diretas em resina composta. Paciente do sexo masculino de 3 anos de idade apresentava lesões de cárie dentária ativas, cavitadas e com necrose pulpar nos quatro incisivos decíduos permanentes. Na fase de adequação do meio bucal, foi realizada a instrução e orientação de higiene oral; na fase restauradora foram realizados os tratamentos endodônticos, cimentação de pinos de fibra de vidro e restaurações em resina composta com matrizes anatômicas de celulose. Na fase de manutenção, foram realizados os controles clínicos, radiográficos e atividades específicas de prevenção. A reabilitação com pinos de fibra de vidro e resina composta foram capazes de reestabelecer a forma, função e estética dos dentes do paciente.

Antibacterial Effects of Capparis decidua Fruit Mediated Selenium Nanoparticles

Capparis decidua and Selenium have several antibacterial properties along with other highly desirable properties, but for long they have not been explored. Nanoparticles are efficient in transporting drugs as they are easily absorbed by the body due to their small size. We wanted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Capparis decidua mediated selenium nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, and Enterococcus faecalis. METHODS4 wells were dug in three Petri dishes of Agar which were coated with a layer of bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecalis. The wells were filled with different amounts of the extract in the order of 50 µL, 100 µL and 150 µL with the fourth well having 50 µL of the antibiotic. Zone of inhibition was measured. RESULTSAfter the measurements were made, the results obtained showed good zone of inhibition against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus faecalis. CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that Capparis decidua fruit mediated with Selenium Nanoparticles have a high antibacterial activity.

Antifungal Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Extracted from Capparis decidua Fruit against Candida albicans.

Nanotechnology has introduced nanoparticulate form of selenium for a wide variety of applications. Nanoparticles can be used in medicine due to their increased interaction with microbes and also because it has fewer side effects than the drugs. Selenium nanoparticles have unique biomedical applications ranging from antioxidant activity to anticancer activity. It is distinct with its high biological activity and low toxicity and cytotoxic property. Capparis decidua also called as karira belonging to Capparaceae family is a xerophytic small branched shrub found in Africa, Middle East and South Asia. Its fruit is used for preparing curry and pickles in the western parts of India. In our study, the selenium nanoparticles were extracted from its fruit. Candida albicans is pathogenic yeast in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract and the urogenital tract affecting the immunocompromised patients and causes various types of infections. It has gained resistance to present antifungals and new formulations are needed to be discovered. MethodsPlant extract was prepared from Capparis decidua fruit powder and filtered using Whatman No. 1 filter paper. It was kept in magnetic stirrer for nanoparticle synthesis. Colour change was observed which indicates the synthesis of nanoparticles. UV visible spectroscopy was taken in proper intervals. The nanoparticles synthesized were purified by centrifugation technique and checked for its antifungal activity. Antifungal activity of the prepared nanoparticles against Candida albicans was determined by using agar well diffusion assay method or agar disc diffusion method. The zone of inhibition formed around the disc indicates the sensitivity of the fungi to the plant extract. The inhibition zone diameter was measured using a ruler and compared with the inhibition zone formed by the positive control drug which was done in parallel. ResultsAntifungal activity was showed by an inhibition zone which was characterized by a clear zone around the wells. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed for 50 mL of the plant extract was 20.33 mm ± 0.47, for 100 mL of the plant extract was 28.33 mm ± 0.47, for 150 mL of the plant extract was 30.33 mm ± 0.47 and for the positive control drug was 34.33 mm ± 0.47. ConclusionsThe diameter of the inhibition zones was compared with the positive control drug. Selenium nanoparticles extracted from Capparis decidua fruit showed high activity against Candida albicans. Further in vivo research can be done for the same and it may represent an alternative for treating fungal infections.

Factores asociados a la aparición de defectos de desarrollo del esmalte en dentición decidua en el Hospital Luis Heysen Incháustegui, Chiclayo, 2019 / Factors associated with the development of enamel defects in deciduous dentition, in the Luis Heysen Incháustegui, Chiclayo, 2019

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados a la presencia de los defectos de desarrollo del esmalte (DDE) de la dentición decidua. Material y métodos: El diseño de investigación fue, observacional, prospectivo y transversal; la muestra fue de 135 niños, 37 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para el estudio, todos fueron evaluados en un consultorio dental. Resultados: Se realizó el análisis estadístico de los datos de manera descriptiva, con (chi-cuadrado, coeficiente de contingencia y gamma) para encontrar y evaluar las relaciones, respecto al DDE. El 59% de los niños evaluados fueron de sexo masculino, mientras que el 41% fueron niñas; en todos se encontró opacidad difusa. El nacimiento pretérmino se presentó en un 30% de los casos estudiados, mientras que el 70% cumplió el ciclo normal. La opacidad difusa fue la más prevalente. El 27% que nació con bajo peso presentan DDE. Se reportaron 4 niños con hipoplasia, de los cuales todos nacieron con un peso normal (>2500 gramos), solo 10 niños del total tuvieron un bajo peso, de entre 1500 y 2500 gramos y la mayoría fueron afectados por una opacidad difusa. El 78% de los niños presentó DDE en la zona anterior de la dentición. Conclusión: Los factores asociados en la aparición de DDE en el presente estudio no sería ninguno de los factores citados; sin embargo, el análisis descriptivo desarrollado establece que el sexo del bebé, el peso al nacer, el tipo de parto, las infecciones maternas durante la gestación y las infecciones durante el primer año de vida del bebé, podrían influenciar. (AU)

Objective: To identify the factors associated with the presence of enamel development defects (DDE) of deciduous teeth. Material and methods: This was a descriptive, prospective, transversal, observational study. The sample included 135 children, 37 of whom met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study and all were evaluated in a dental office. Results: Descriptive statistical analysis of the data was performed with the chi-square test, contingency coefficients and gamma statistics to determine and evaluate the relationships with respect to DDE. 59% of the children evaluated were male while 41% were females, with all showing diffuse opacity. Preterm birth occurred in 30% of the cases studied, while 70% had been delivered at term. Of the children with DDE, 27% were underweight at birth. Four children with hypoplasia had had a normal weight at birth (>2500 grams), while only 10 children had a low weight (1500-2500 g), and most presented diffuse opacity. 78% of children had DDE in the previous teething area. Conclusion: The factors associated with the occurrence of DDE in this study were not related to any of the factors cited; however sex, birth weight, type of delivery, maternal infections during pregnancy and infections during the first year of the baby's life may influence the presence of DDE. (AU)

Efeito do hipotireoidismo materno na expressão espaço-temporal de mediadores imunológicos e população de células natural killers na decídua e na glândula metrial de ratas / Effect of maternal hypothyroidism on the spatiotemporal expression of immunological mediators and population of Natural Killers cells in decidua and metrial gland of rats

Estudou-se o efeito do hipotireoidismo materno na expressão espaço-temporal de mediadores imunológicos e na população de células natural killers (NK) na decídua e na glândula metrial de ratas durante a gestação. Avaliou-se a detecção imunoistoquímica de interferon γ (IFNγ), do fator inibidor de migração (MIF), da interleucina 15 (IL15), do óxido nítrico sintase induzível (iNOS), a marcação com lectina DBA para evidenciação das células NK uterinas DBA+ e a expressão gênica de Ifnγ e Nos2. O hipotireoidismo aumentou o iNOS aos sete dias, a IL15 e o MIF aos 10 e 12 dias, o IFNγ e o MIF aos 14 DG e a expressão dos transcritos gênicos para iNos aos 12 e 19 dias e para Ifnγ aos 14 DG. O hipotireoidismo reduziu a imunomarcação de MIF e lectina DBA aos sete dias, lectina DBA aos 10 e 14 DG, IFNγ aos 12 dias, e a expressão de Ifnγ aos 10 e 19 DG e de iNOS aos 12, 14 e 19 DG, bem como reduziu seus transcritos gênicos aos 10 e 14 DG. Conclui-se que o hipotireoidismo compromete o perfil imunológico na interface materno-fetal ao longo da gestação, particularmente por reduzir o fator anti-inflamatório iNOS e a população de células uNK DBA+.(AU)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of maternal hypothyroidism on the spatiotemporal expression of immunological mediators and population of Natural Killers cells in decidua and metrial gland of rats. Interferon gamma (IFNγ), migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin 15 (IL15), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and DBA-Lectin labeling for evidence of uNK DBA+ cells in decidua and genetic expression of Ifnγ and iNos by real-time RT-PCR were evaluated. Hypothyroidism increased protein expression of iNOS at 7 days, IL15 and MIF at 10 and 12 days, IFNγ and MIF at 14 DG in the decidua and/or metrial gland and the gene transcripts for iNOS at 12 and 19 days and for Inf at 14 DG. In addition, hypothyroidism reduced the protein expression of MIF and DBA-Lectin at 7 days, DBA-Lectin at 10 and 14 DG, IFNγ at 12 days, and the gene transcript to Ifnγ at 10 and 19 DGs. Hypothyroidism also reduced the protein expression of iNOS at 12, 14 and 19 DG and reduced its gene transcripts at 10 and 14 DGs. It is concluded that hypothyroidism compromises the immunology profile at the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy, particularly by reducing the anti-inflammatory factor iNOS and population of uNK DBA+ cells.(AU)

Perfil do aleitamento e a ocorrência de má oclusão em crianças participantes da bebê-clínica / Breastfeeding profile and the occurrence of malocclusion in children participating at Baby Clinic

Essa pesquisa trata-se de uma análise transversal do perfil do aleitamento de crianças que frequentam a Bebê Clínica, um Programa Educativo/Preventivo em Saúde Bucal, e a ocorrência de oclusopatias. O objetivo foi analisar a influência do perfil do aleitamento sobre a condição oclusal de crianças que participam de um programa odontológico educativo-preventivo. Participaram da pesquisa 400 crianças entre 27 e 48 meses, sendo 200 que frequentam a Bebê-Clínica e 200 de escolas do município de Araçatuba, não participantes da Bebê-Clínica, Esta pesquisa constou da coleta de informações retrospectivas sobre o tempo, o tipo e a forma de aleitamento, além dos hábitos de sucção não nutritiva, por meio de um questionário realizado com as mães. Foi realizada também uma avaliação clínica da oclusão dentária dessas crianças, utilizando o índice de má oclusão preconizado pela OMS. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste do qui-quadrado. Os resultados indicaram em ambos os grupos uma elevada porcentagem de mães que amamentaram seus filhos (acima de 84%); elevada porcentagem de crianças com hábitos de sucção não nutritiva (acima de 57%) e um elevado índice de má oclusão dentária, sendo a principal, a mordida aberta anterior. Considerando os aspectos estudados nesta pesquisa, verificamos que ambos os grupos apresentaram resultados semelhantes, portanto não havendo influência da participação no programa da Bebê-Clínica(AU)

This research deals with a cross-sectional analysis of the breastfeeding profile that is frequent in the Baby Clinic, in an Educational / Preventive Oral Health Program, and an occurrence of occlusions. The objective was to analyze the influence of the breastfeeding profile on the occlusal condition of children who participate in an educational-preventive dental program. Participated in the research 400 children between 27 and 48 months, 200 of them attending the Baby Clinic and 200 from schools in the city of Araçatuba, not participating in the Baby Clinic. This research consisted of collecting retrospective information about time, type and form of breastfeeding, and non-nutritive sucking habits, through a questionnaire conducted with mothers. A clinical evaluation of the dental occlusion of these children was also performed, using the malocclusion index recommended by WHO. Data were analyzed by chi-square test.The results indicated in both groups a high percentage of mothers who breastfed their children (over 84%); high percentage of children with non-nutritive sucking habits (above 57%) and a high rate of dental malocclusion, the main one being the anterior open bite.Considering the aspects studied in this research, we found that both groups presented similar results, therefore there was no influence of participation in the program of the Baby Clinic(AU)

Regulatory effect of CLEC2D-CD161 interaction on killing capacity of decidual natural killer cells / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the regulatory effect of CLEC2D-CD161 interaction on killing capacity of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells during early pregnancy and its association with the incidence of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).@*Methods@#Decidua tissues were collected from normal pregnancies (n=16) and RSA cases (n=6) at 6-10 gestational weeks in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital from October 2018 to May 2019. (1) Expressions of CLEC2D and CD161 in decidua from early pregnancy were detected using immunofluorescence. (2) Primary dNK cells were isolated from decidua from early pregnancy. dNK cells pre-treated with CD161 antibody (blocking CD161, B-CD161) were co-cultured with JEG-3 cells which were knocked-down by CLEC2D small interfering RNA (siCLEC2D), followed by killing capacity assessment of dNK cells by cytotoxicity assay and determination of expressions of related molecules by quantitive real-time polymerase chain reaction. (3) Western blot and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of CLEC2D and CD161 in decidua tissues. Cytotoxicity assay was performed to analyze the killing capacity of dNK cells. T test was used for statistical analysis between normal and RSA cases.@*Results@#(1) CLEC2D was mainly expressed in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells and CD161 was mainly detected in dNK cells. CD161-positive dNK cells and CLEC2D-positive EVT cells were adjacently located in decidua tissues allowing their interaction. (2) Cytotoxicity assay suggested that CD161 blocking in dNK cells or CLEC2D knockdown in JEG-3 cells could enhance the cytotoxicity of dNK cells. The target cell lysis rates at the effector-target ratios of 40∶1, 20∶1, 10∶1 and 5∶1 in B-CD161 group were (59.12±4.56)%, (25.96±5.44)%, (13.60±8.94)% and (12.53±8.94)%, and in IgG control group were (20.01±1.96)%, (8.51±1.32)%, (3.24±0.75)% and (3.82±1.92)%, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups at the effector-target ratios of 40∶1 (t=13.922, P<0.01) and 20∶1 (t=5.403 P<0.05), but not at 10∶1 or 5∶1 (P>0.05). The target cell lysis rates at the effector-target ratios of 40∶1, 20∶1, 10∶1 and 5∶1 in si-CLEC2D group were (43.37±2.01)%, (32.99±2.08)%, (23.47±1.36)% and (11.48±0.37)%, and in the negative control (NC) group were (15.54±1.46)%, (13.84±1.68)%, (9.94±3.01) and (5.50±0.99)%, respectively. Differences between the two groups at all effector-target ratios were statistically significant (t=19.402, 12.400, 7.093 and 9.842, all P<0.01). Moreover, the expression of dNK killing-related factor granzyme B in the siCLEC2D group was higher than that in the NC group. (3) Compared with the normal pregnancy group, the RSA group showed decreased CD161 expression and increased killing capacity of dNK cells, but no significant difference in CLEC2D expression.@*Conclusions@#At early pregnancy, CLEC2D on EVT cells can interact with CD161 on dNK cells, which inhibits the cytotoxicity of dNK cells and induces immune tolerance at the fetal-maternal interface. Decreased expression of CD161 in decidua results in increased cytotoxicity of dNK cells, which may be one of the causes of immune rejection in RSA.

Regulatory effect of CLEC2D-CD161 interaction on killing capacity of decidual natural killer cells / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of CLEC2D-CD161 interaction on killing capacity of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells during early pregnancy and its association with the incidence of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). Methods Decidua tissues were collected from normal pregnancies (n=16) and RSA cases (n=6) at 6-10 gestational weeks in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Peking University Third Hospital from October 2018 to May 2019. (1) Expressions of CLEC2D and CD161 in decidua from early pregnancy were detected using immunofluorescence. (2) Primary dNK cells were isolated from decidua from early pregnancy. dNK cells pre-treated with CD161 antibody (blocking CD161, B-CD161) were co-cultured with JEG-3 cells which were knocked-down by CLEC2D small interfering RNA (siCLEC2D), followed by killing capacity assessment of dNK cells by cytotoxicity assay and determination of expressions of related molecules by quantitive real-time polymerase chain reaction. (3) Western blot and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of CLEC2D and CD161 in decidua tissues. Cytotoxicity assay was performed to analyze the killing capacity of dNK cells. T test was used for statistical analysis between normal and RSA cases. Results (1) CLEC2D was mainly expressed in extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells and CD161 was mainly detected in dNK cells. CD161-positive dNK cells and CLEC2D-positive EVT cells were adjacently located in decidua tissues allowing their interaction. (2) Cytotoxicity assay suggested that CD161 blocking in dNK cells or CLEC2D knockdown in JEG-3 cells could enhance the cytotoxicity of dNK cells. The target cell lysis rates at the effector-target ratios of 40 ∶ 1, 20 ∶ 1, 10 ∶ 1 and 5 ∶ 1 in B-CD161 group were (59.12±4.56)%, (25.96±5.44)%, (13.60±8.94)% and (12.53±8.94)%, and in IgG control group were (20.01±1.96)%, (8.51±1.32)%, (3.24±0.75)% and (3.82±1.92)%, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups at the effector-target ratios of 40∶1 (t=13.922, P<0.01) and 20∶1 (t=5.403 P<0.05), but not at 10∶1 or 5∶1 (P>0.05). The target cell lysis rates at the effector-target ratios of 40∶1, 20∶1, 10∶1 and 5 ∶ 1 in si-CLEC2D group were (43.37±2.01)%, (32.99±2.08)%, (23.47±1.36)% and (11.48±0.37)%, and in the negative control (NC) group were (15.54±1.46)%, (13.84±1.68)%, (9.94±3.01) and (5.50±0.99)%, respectively. Differences between the two groups at all effector-target ratios were statistically significant (t=19.402, 12.400, 7.093 and 9.842, all P<0.01). Moreover, the expression of dNK killing-related factor granzyme B in the siCLEC2D group was higher than that in the NC group. (3) Compared with the normal pregnancy group, the RSA group showed decreased CD161 expression and increased killing capacity of dNK cells, but no significant difference in CLEC2D expression. Conclusions At early pregnancy, CLEC2D on EVT cells can interact with CD161 on dNK cells, which inhibits the cytotoxicity of dNK cells and induces immune tolerance at the fetal-maternal interface. Decreased expression of CD161 in decidua results in increased cytotoxicity of dNK cells, which may be one of the causes of immune rejection in RSA.

Research progress on pathogenesis of placenta accreta spectrum / 中华围产医学杂志

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) refers to the condition that placental trophoblast cells directly invade the myometrium,which is one of the most dangerous complications in obstetrics,but the pathogenesis has not been clarified.In recent years,the incidence of PAS was increasing,which has become the major reason leading to postpartum hemorrhage,perinatal emergency hysterectomy and maternal death.Available studies suggested that the occurrence of PAS was related to the following three interconnected factors:the loss of decidual membrane,enhanced trophoblast invasiveness and abnormal recasting of uterine spiral artery.This review focused on these three factors and tried to illustrate the pathophysiology of PAS.

Espigos de fibra de vidrio en el tratamiento rehabilitador de dientes deciduos tratados con pulpectomía. Reporte de caso

Los espigos de fibra de vidrio sirven de anclaje para la reconstrucción del muñón dentario perdido. Proporcionando elasticidad comparable a la dentina, al recibir cargas oclusales en diferentes direcciones, este se flexiona. Esta conducta disminuye el riesgo de estrés interno en el conducto evitando así fracturas y facilitando la rehabilitación total de los dientes tratados con pulpectomía. El presente caso tuvo como objetivo mantener la integridad de los dientes deciduos tratados con pulpectomía mediante el uso del espigo de fibra de vidrio como una buena opción en Odontopediatría por su sencilla técnica de manejo, su módulo de elasticidad y los resultados estéticos que se obtienen.

Analysis of uterine microbiota in abortion and non-pregnant female based on high-throughput sequencing / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To explore the uterine microbiota in women undergoing abortion and non-pregnant women. Methods: Fifty-six women who had experienced spontaneous abortion and 39 women who had experienced artificial abortion were selected to obtain the decidual tissues by curettage vacuum aspiration, and 10 non-pregnant women (without infection) were selected to obtain the endometrial tissues through gynecological surgery from Department of Gynecology in Huadong Hospital. Three groups of samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing based on the V4 variable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, and the bacterial composition of each group of samples was analyzed. The diversity of uterine microbiota was compared among three groups. Results: Low-abundance microbiomes were detected from the decidual tissues of abortion women and the endometrial tissues of non-pregnant women. Proteobacteria was the main phylum of the three groups, and Escherichia/Shigella was the main genus. The diversity of uterine microbiota in spontaneous abortion group was higher than that in artificial abortion group. Conclusion: There is a low-abundance uterine microbiota mainly composed of Proteobacteria. The dominant bacteria at the level of phylum, family and genus has no significant difference between the spontaneous abortion group and the artificial abortion group, but there is higher flora diversity in the spontaneous abortion group than in the artificial abortion group.

Biological characteristics of three kinds of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The placental tissue structure is complex, including the amniotic membrane, chorion, and decidua from the mother. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues of the same placenta have been reported to have similar biological characteristics. To date, there is no study regarding quantitative comparison of differentiation potential and immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues of human placenta. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological characteristics including differentiation potential and immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different tissues of human placenta. METHODS: The amnion-, chorion-, and decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the placental tissue of a baby boy by enzymatic digestion method. The biological characteristics of these three kinds of mesenchymal stem cells were systematically investigated including cell morphology, immunophenotypes, karyotypeanalysis, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, and Treg cells proliferation capacity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All three kinds of mesenchymal stem cells showed fibroblast-like morphology and expressed the surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells with high expressions of CD73, CD90 and CD105, as well as low expressions of CD14, CD19, CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. The karyotypes of the amnion-and chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells were the same as the fetus, and decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the same karyotype as the mother. There were significant differences in adipogenic differentiation capacity between three kinds of mesenchymal stem cells (amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells> chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells> decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells; P < 0.05). In contrast, the osteogenic differentiation capacity of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells was remarkably higher than that of decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.05). The amnion-and chorion-derived mesenchymal stem cells had the higher potential of Treg cell proliferation induction than decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells. These findings indicate that three sources of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells have different karyotypes, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory capability, providing a variety of ideal seed cell sources for disease treatment.